Building the PRCIA – Find the Lord’s Avenger

As in Main Bank-Saudi National Bank money transfers, Connally and Mahfouz funnelled money from US financial institutions into Saudi financial institutions.

Main Bank-Saudi National Bank money transfers: cites, mention Browning Ferris event

In 1975 BCCI’s bid for Chelsea NB is denied by regulators as was their bid for another bank in NY. BCCI devises a new strategy and began to use Pharaon as a nominee. That same year Pharaon buys the Bank of Commonwealth, Detroit.

In 1976 BCCI’s founder, Abedi, hires Bert Lance as a consultant.

In August 1977 with Lanier, Hurwitz and Connally on its board, Pharaon, bin Mahfouz, Connally and Erck buy Main Bank Houston.

In 1978 Pharaon with Abedi’s help buys the NB of Georgia. Pharaon claims to have sold his Main Bank holdings to buy NB Georgia. Vinson Elkins represented Pharaon in the purchase of NB Georgia. Frank Van Court of V-E was placed on NBG’s board by Pharaon. Connally reportedly organized the NBG purchase by Pharaon.

From October 1978 to December 1979 Main Bank with $58 million in deposits is buying $10.4 million in 100’s each month from First City bank. In 1980 the Atlanta Constitution reported that Main Bank transferred $50.8 million in new 100’s through two Connally banks to Connally linked banks in Saudi Arabia, possibly Mahfouz’ National Commercial Bank of SA during the period October 1978 to May 1979. Connally is a director of First City which is controlled by the principals in Connally’s law frim Vinson,Elkins,Searls,Connally and Smith. Vinson Elkins is said to have many arab clients.

On December 31, 1980 Main Bank has assets of $64.2 million and equity of $11.7 million.

From September 1980 to May 1981 Main Bank negotites the sale of itself to Merchantile Texas Corp. Merchantile is the 5th largest bank holding company. In a later year MTC becomes part of MCorp and was part of Banc One Corp of Columbus Ohio.

Keating (from Lindner) and Hinkle (from Atlanta) work on John B Connally [JBC] campaign.

JBC and Bush go to Dupont for support in 1980 campaigns

1980 The Reagan Era

Members of the private intelligence groups were used in the 1980 Reagan campaign to defeat Carter.

AFIO-, CSIS-, and Heritage Foundation-related former intelligence officers engaged in the Reagan campaign. Casey and Robert Gray of Gray and Co (now a sub of Hill and Knowlton) lead Reagan’s campaign. The former officers were credited with engaging in a campaign that involved the production and distribution of forged letters and phony photos.

Debate gate

October surprise

NSIC members served on Reagan’s transition team following the defeat of Carter.

A Reagan Transition Team document suggested using private groups to avoid regulatory constraints against domestic intelligence gathering.

During the 80’s, CIA and military intelligence techniques came to be used as a matter of domestic “political necessity”. These techniques were increasingly used by a group of Public Relations and security firms (PR firms). This group was tied closely to CIA operations in foreign countries. This group was composed of important Casey or Connally allies and organized ex-agents.

1981

Casey became the DCI of the CIA. During this era a global network of commercial front companies was formed, expanding throughout the Reagan years as vehicles for military and CIA covert actions. These front companies engaged in a series of financial scandals.

While Casey was at the SEC, Stanley Sporkin and his assistant ______ Doherty served as top enforcement officials. When Casey moved to the CIA, Sporkin and Doherty were recruited into the CIA.

In March Casey wrote a memo outlining covert funding for “Resistance Forces” in Afghanistan, Cuba, Grenada, Iran, Libya, Nicaragua, Cambodia and Laos.

In April, the FBI arrested 10 mercenaries preparing an armed invasion of the Caribbean island of Dominica. The leader of the group was Michael Purdue. Of the 10, 6 were Klu Klux Klan members. Indicted by a New Orleans Grand Jury, Purdue pled guilty claiming he was being paid by US businessmen, including Connally and Rep Ron Paul. The court refused to subpoena them. Other defendants, who pled innocent, were placed on trial and claimed they believed they were joining a plan to save Dominica from Communism. The Grand Jury indicted three businessmen who allegedly put up $75,000 to pay for the invasion, but J W Kirkpatrick, identified by Purdue as the financier, was found shot to death in his car near Earle, Arkansas, in an apparent suicide. Two businessmen were tried and acquitted for financing the attempt. Later in the year, following the placement of a Reagan appointee to Ambassador to Dominica, a coup attempt was tried and failed.

As in the case of the Laos Scam, CIA continued to use BCCI to transfer funds to US covert operations.

Laos Scam: In July notes from a meeting at the State Department show a plan to use Laotians to hunt for MIA’s. By August 1982 nearly two years worth of fundraising for private POW-MIA groups were used for weapons for Laotians. The funds were transferred through BCCI. The Saudis and other mid-eastern intelligence organizations also made contributions to this effort.

1982

Connally joined Reagan’s PFIAB, one of 5 Texans on the the 19 member board.

(Theory) The CIA and its associates, under Casey and with the help of Casey’s business associates including Connally, funneled money scammed from the S&L’s through BCCI to the Saudis who passed the funds onto the Casey-lead covert operations.

In the next stage the private groups and the PR firms were used to influence domestic politics in favor of the Reagan Administrations covert foreign policy initiatives.

(1980) The Heritage Foundation’s magazine, Policy Review, editor was Robert Moss, a CIA disinformation agent in Chile during 1970-1973.

CSIS magazine, Washington Quarterly, editor was Michael Ledeen, the CIA’s chief disinformation officer in Italy in 1976 and self-styled counter-terrorist expert in the 80’s.

1983

Milken, Lindner and Bentsen help Hurwitz control UFG-USAT. First City staff moved to UFG-USAT and controlled the important investment decision-making structure of UFG-USAT along with Hurwitz.

The Palmer National Bank was formed By Harvey McLean Jr, a Dallas real estate developer, and the son-in-law of CIA Agent Ray Clines and Stephan Halper who worked with Casey on the “October Surprise”. Halper is also thought to have been the White House insider responsible for the theft of the Carter briefing materials known as “Debate-gate”. McLean and Halper were both part of the Bush campaign in 1988. Mclean controlled an S&L in Paris Texas which failed in 1988. Part of the capitalization of Palmer came from H K Beebe. McLean was reported as owning 51% of Palmer stock, Halper at 19% and 18 other investors with the remaining shares. Palmer was used as a conduit for private funds raised by Channell for the Contras and made large loans to right wing political action groups.

Connally was a major investor in a Hurwitz inspired stock transaction, Home Centers of America, which later in the year was sold to a Dupont controlled corporation, K-Mart. Lillian Affinito of Maxxam joined the board of K-Mart.

(Theory) Socially disruptive techniques were developed by the intelligence community and transferred into PR firms which imported these techniques into local and State electorial and other political activities, especially those requiring domestic, consensus building.

Consensus building: Nuclear issues (Wackenhut), opposition to Contra War, CISPES (Varelli)

In August Casey met with PR executives to plan a domestic propaganda campaign, which included fundraising campaigns, to “educate” the American public about the Reagan Administration’s policy in Central America.

In December the New York Times reported disturbing signs that private involvement in covert actions had expanded well beyond political and economic measures. The NYT cited Casey’s organization of the NSIC in the 1960’s.

William Durbin, ex-FBI agent was President of Hill and Knowlton until 1984.

1984

A disproportionate number of Texans were on the PFIAB. (Ref @ 1982)

Connally politically supported and participated in many covert operations. (Ref @ 1981, cite Chile, Dominica etc)

Connally was a favorite with Casey.

The relationship between the business community and the intelligence community was used to develop sources of funding for covert operations. Connally continued to work with Casey while borrowing huge sums from S&L’s.

(Theory) The relationship between the business community and the intelligence community was used to develop sources of funding for covert operations through the selective rewarding of government contracts and the use of illegal securities transactions and mob-style techniques to bust out S&L’s.

(Theory) Individuals were assisted in gaining control of S&L’s and banks for the purposes of laundering drug money and securing loans from which a portion was diverted to covert operations.

Milken helped Keating control Lincoln. Lincoln made large loans to Connally and Hinkle. Lincoln’s controlling shareholder, Charles Keating hired Connally’s son.

1985

(Theory) Inside trading and other security-related and fraudulent techniques were also used to develop funds for these purposes.

Connally was involved in inside trading schemes involving Coastal Corporation mergers. Connally was counsel to Coastal. Connally, as a director of First City Bancorp, had secured loans from First City, insider loans, on behalf of an employee of his 1980 Presidential campaign. These loans became past due and Connally was forced to resign from the board.

The Contras issued private interest-bearing bonds, with the help of an unidentified American businessman, to fund the Contra war. These were designed so that any capital loss could be deducted from US taxes due and thus any funds raised by this means, all of which presumably became losses, were billed to the taxpayers.

Glenn Souham, son of Gerard Souham was assassinated in Paris. Gerard headed Gerard Souham Communications Group (S3C). Gerard headed the private sector PR committee of Charles Wick, head of the USIA. S3C was affiliated with Gray and Co., headed by Robert K Gray. Glenn worked for S3C. Glenn and Gray had Adnan Khashoggi as a client. Glenn had a body guard firm that worked for Khashoggi. Gerard was once the head of J Walter Thompson in Paris, a sub of Hill And Knowlton (H-K).

H-K, J Walter Thompson and Gray and Co are subsidiaries of the London based WWP Group Ltd.

Private companies which have been active in CIA operations, some of them initiated and entirely funded by the CIA, includes J Walter Thompson Company.

The State Department contracted with International Business Communications, as did Oliver North’s Spitz Channell, to fundraise and funnel money to the Contras. IBC’s principals were Richard R Miller and Frank Gomez. The Gulf and Caribbean Foundation (GCF) was also involved. The Boston Globe,10/4/88, discussed the organizing of and support for private “independent” groups for domestic spying upon Reagan policy opponents and the use of Psy-ops (psychological operations) targeting the Congress, press and the American public. These campaigns ran from 1984-1986.

Gulf and Caribbean Foundation members:

John M Bennett, Texan, backer of Contra related Gulf and Caribbean Foundation; a John M Bennett Jr, longtime resident of San Antonio died in 1993;A John M Bennett retired in 1982 from the directors of the American General Corp, an affiliate of Lindner‘s AFC; A John M Bennett, resident of Houston, a US Department of Justice protected witness, scam artist who kited tens of millions in checks and was given a $1,000 fine.

William Blakemore, Midland Texas oilman and fierce Contra supporter; President (1984) of Gulf & Caribbean Foundation, set up to lobby Congress for aid to the Contras; good friend of George Bush; his Iron Mountain Ranch the site of paramilitary training and alleged transshipment of weapons.

Daniel Kuykendall, Texan, Republican Representative from Tenn 1967-75, political advisor to Carl “Spitz” Channell; organized Gulf and Caribbean Foundation with 28 people, rounded up 25 rich Texans to contribute to the Contras.

Richard R Miller, with International Business Communications which sent money to Intel Corp in support of contra PR campaign, with the Gulf and Caribbean Foundation and the Institute for North-South Issues; pled guilty to tax fraud and was pardoned by Bush.

David Witz, Treasurer(1984) of Gulf and Caribbean Foundation

Unknown, Dallas attorney for Gulf and Caribbean Foundation, member of the Association of Former Intelligence Officers.

H B Zachry, San Antonio businessman, H B Zachry Co, large paving contractor doing many government contracts world-wide.

1986

(Theory) The question about why the Reagan Administration put the Iran-Contra scandal at such a high level of exposure-the limited hangout– may be answered by postulating an attempt to cover a bigger scandal. Some say the S&L scandals were covered by the Iran-Contra scandal.

(Theory) Since Connally politically supported and participated in many covert operations, Connally may very well have provided support for the Contras through his loans and social influence to encourage others to do likewise.

A disproportionate number of Texans were found to be contributors to the various private covert action funding schemes.

The Contra Supporters:

James Bastion, Southern Air Transportation; associated with CIA; could be Su Bastion, DBL bond buyer (Su=Sa, Southern Air) contributor to same political campaigns as Affinito. Check Brewton re is Bastion a Texan?

Jim Bath, a Houston airplane company owner(Skyways International, Atlantic Aviation and Buffalo Airways); CIA asset; front man for rich Saudis; associated with Reza Pahlavi, the Shah’s son, and business partner with Lan Bentsen, the senator’s son, and George W. Bush, the President’s son; borrowed from Lamar Savings and Mainland Savings; a stockholder in Charter NB with Barry Munitz and others

Herman K. Beebe Sr., Louisiana financier with offices in Dallas, convicted felon and Mafia associate; many connections to the intelligence community; godfather of the dirty Texas S&L’s; did nine months in Club Fed; Charles Hurwitz introduced Beebe to B G Wylie, half-brother of Carroll Kelly; funded start-up of Contra related Palmer NB

J Bruce Belin Jr,his father was first cousin to Jake Belin; a Houston developer financed by San Jacinto Savings and Hurwitz‘ USAT.

Jake Belin, former head of the largest private landowner in Florida, St Joe Paper Co, which was owned by the A I Dupont Trust(until 1987), now controlled by Carl Lindner‘s American Financial Corporation; protege of Ed Ball, right-wing fanatic and most powerful man Florida has ever known; Belin liked doing business with fellow Florida redneck Mike Adkinson; he also liked the $80 million St Joe got from Hill Financial Savings.

John M Bennett, Texan, backer of Contra related Gulf and Caribbean Foundation; a John M Bennett Jr, longtime resident of San Antonio died in 1993; A John M Bennett retired in 1982 from the directors of the American General Corp, an affiliate of Lindner‘s AFC; A John M Bennett, resident of Houston, a US Department of Justice protected witness, scam artist who kited tens of millions in checks and was given a $1,000 fine.

Lloyd Bentsen, senior Democratic senator from Texas, now [Clinton’s] Secretary of the Treasury; an owner of three Texas S&L’s that later ended up in the hands of CIA or Mafia associates; an owner of the S&L that ended up in the hands of Charles Hurwitz; close to Walter Mischer.

David G Bird, Grand Cayman Island attorney, partner with Alstair J N Loudon, Cayman Corp Service Inc; set up Intel Co-operation (Intelligence Co-operation?) used to funnel funds to the contras.

Inman Brandon, Atlantan, contributor to the contras.

William Casey, provided many links between the intelligence community, PR firms and the business community

Carl “Spitz” Channell, ran several PAC’s supporting the Contras including Anti-terrorism American Committee, National Endowment for the Preservation of Liberty, American Conservative Trust; helped to defeat Rep. Michael Barnes(Maryland) in his Senatorial bid,1986

Peter Dailey, CIA counsel, discussed setting up private groups to campaign to support Contras

Malcolm Davies, associated with Intel, Intel Co-operation

Richard DuPont, Summit Aviation owner, used to provide aircraft to CIA operations in support of the contras; family controls Wilmington Trust which interlocked Hurwitz‘ USAT with Paul‘s Centrust.

David Fischer, Whitehouse aid until 1985′ hired by IBC, a PR specialist.

Ellen St John Garwood, rich Texas widow, contributed to the NSC inspired POW-LAOS scam and to the contras.

Thomas Gaubert, big Democratic fundraiser from Dallas; former head of Independent American Savings, which purchased 20 branch offices from Hurwitz‘ USAT; owned a piece of Sandia Federal Savings in Albuquerque; head of Telecom; A right-wing flag waver.

Frank Gomez, associated with Richard R Miller in promoting contra PR campaign.

Manichur Gorbanifar, among other things Gorbanifar was used to funnel money to the Contras; a business associate of John H Roberts Jr. Southmark’s San Jacinto Savings; director of Gaubert‘s Telecom.

Mohammed Hadid, a business associate of Connie Armstrong, John H Roberts Jr, Stanley Rosenberg, Adnan Khashoggi and Manichur Gorbanifar

Stefan Halper, co-founder with fellow George Bush supporter Harvey McLean of Palmer National Bank, which was financed by H K Beebe and funneled private donations to the Contras; former son-in-law of past CIA deputy director Ray Cline; helped set up legal defense fund for Oliver North. Peter Munk also an investor in Palmer NB

Paula Hawkins, a Florida senatorial candidate supported by Kuykendall

Curtis Herge, Attorney for Channell’s organizations

Raymond Hill, Houston attorney and scion of old, rich Houston family; owner of Mainland Savings, which lent money to Mafia associates and CIA operatives, also lent money to Rosenberg associates John H Roberts and Mohammed Hadid; did business with Walter Mischer,”his mentor”;close friend of James Baker III.

Sen Gordon Humphrey(R-NH),may have worked with Walter Raymond Jr.

Bunker Hunt, wealthy Texan backed by Connally related First City NB contributor to contras.

Bert Hurlburt, contributor into Pow-Mia(Laos) scam

Linas J Kojelis, set up meetings for Reagan with contra supporters, and assistant to Reagan.

Adnan Khashoggi, Saudi Arabian arms dealer, Iran-contra middleman and borrower at Raymond Hill’s Mainland Savings and Lamar Savings. A business associate of Mohammed Hadid and John H Roberts Jr

Daniel Kuykendall, Texan, Republican Representative from Tenn 1967-75,political advisor to Carl “Spitz” Channell; organized Gulf and Caribbean Foundation with 28 people, rounded up 25 rich Texans to contribute to the Contras.

Michael Ledeen, Sr fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies; disinformation specialist in Italy in 1976.

Carl Lindner, Cincinnati conglomerateer, controls American Financial Corp, gave Charles Keating his start; associate of Michael Milken and Marvin Warner; business ties to Walter Mischer and Charles Hurwitz; owns Ocean Reef club on Key Largo where cocaine was brought in from Columbia.

Alstair J N Loudon, Georgetown, Grand Cayman Island; Cayman Corp Services Inc, partner with David Bird.

H Joachim Maitre, dean at Boston University, formerly with the Hoover institute; published many articles thought to be part of intelligence communities domestic disinformation campaign regarding contra-related foreign policy

Lawrence Martin, born Ladislav Bittman, a Czech; disinformation specialist

Peyton McKnight, powerful Louisianan, an associate of Beebe and a partner with Charles Hurwitz, Stanley Rosenberg and Tom Benson in a Rosenberg deal.

Harvey McLean, Shreveport, Louisiana businessman and close associate of H K Beebe; owned Paris(Texas)Savings and Loan; co-founded Palmer National Bank with Stephan Halper and Beebe‘s money.
John Mecom Sr and Jr, Houston oilmen; Sr. organized a charitable foundation that laundered money for the CIA; Jr., a graduate of the University of Oklahoma with Larry Mizel and Charles Hurwitz, allegedly associated with New Orleans mobsters.

Arthur G B Metcalf, a director of Boston University, owner of Electronic Corp of America, John Silber also a director of ECA.

Jonathan Miller, with the office of Public Diplomacy during contra campaign.

Richard R Miller, with International Business Communications which sent money to Intel Corp in support of contra PR campaign,with the Gulf and Caribbean Foundation and the Institute for North-South Issues; pled guilty to tax fraud and was pardoned by Bush.

Walter Mischer Sr., Houston developer, banker, power broker, who headed Allied Bank (Charles Hurwitz‘ Federated Development Company’s primary bank); Corson’s former father-in-law; did business with the Mafia and CIA; fourth largest landowner in Texas; owns 12% of Caribbean nation of Belize with partners (where Dupont and Hurwitz‘ creation MCO Resources are also large landowners); friend and fundraiser for LBJ, Lloyd Bentsen, Ronald Reagan and George Bush, among many others.

Peter Munk, a Canadian businessman, investor in Palmer NB; an associate of H K Beebe; business partner with Adnan Khashoggi; an associate of John H Roberts Jr and John P Holmes Jr in Goldome FSB

Richard Precup, attorney for Richard R Miller

John Ramsey, from Wichita Falls, Texas;a contra supporter.

Walter Raymond Jr, Ex-CIA disinformation specialist; implemented psy-ops campaign for Casey.

John Silber, president of Boston University, supported Maitre’s work; made money as director of Electronic Corp of America; has property in Austin

Max Singer, ex-director of the Hudson Institute; president of the Potomac Organization.

Ellison Trine Starnes Jr, Houston con man and son of a famous evangelist; borrower at Mischer’s Allied Bank; second largest borrower at Silverado; associate of John Riddle; borrowed from Carroll Kelly’s Continental Savings; one of the biggest contributors to the Contras; a stockholder in Charter National Bank with Bob Lanier, James Bath, Barry Munitz (longtime Hurwitz crony, president of UFG/USAT) and Joe Russo.

Allen Weinstein, head of the center for the Study of Democratic Institutions and a director of the Center for Democracy

Cliff White, took part in discussions with Dailey and Casey regarding setting up private groups to campaign to support Contras.

Charles Z Wick, head of the USIS and a friend of Silber.

David Witz, Treasurer(1984) of Gulf and Caribbean Foundation

Unknown, Dallas attorney for Gulf and Caribbean Foundation, member of the Association of Former Intelligence Officers.

H B Zachry, San Antonio businessman, H B Zachry Co, large paving contractor doing many government contracts world-wide; member of Gulf and Caribbean Foundation,

(Theory) A disproportionate number of Texans were found to be contributors to the various private covert action funding schemes. This disproportion may have derived from the Casey-Bush-Connally relationship and from the support Texas financial institutions and legal firms gave to members of the BCCI‘s organization, its frontmen and to the members of the Middle Eastern States’ intelligence community which simultaneously had a string of business ties to ex-CIA members.

BCCI: was Connally-Pharaon-Vinson Elkins to Lance to Carter part of the scheme

The SEC and other Reagan controlled regulatory bodies were prevented from prosecution during the relevant period.

regulatory bodies : identify and discuss prosecution : show how SEC, FHLBB etc were reduced by Reagan. Cite :SFI, bribery, Inside tarding, BCCI, money laundering, Milken, S & L audits.

John Connally borrowed heavily from various dirty S&L’s during the period 1982-1986 along with his business partner and Beebe associate Ben Barnes. Connally finally declared bankruptcy in 1986.

The NSIC was cited by the European press as active in the incitement of hate campaigns in Europe. The NSIC in its communication to Bush supported the regular use of covert campaigns.

1987

The CIA covered for BCCI until after Reagan left office.

(Theory) The death of BCCI cut down the CIA’s exposure. The Saudi contributions to the Contras reduced the chance of tracing the funds back to the source-the S&L’s.

Death of Casey lead to death of BCCI

Casey was the Milken of the affair: With Casey gone, the one mind that understood it all was removed.

POSSIBLE HURWITZ LINKS TO B.C.C.I.

Hurwitz’ possible links to BCCI include links through Maxxam board member John Connally, through Centrust, and through Michael Milken’s operations at Drexel Burnham Lambert.

Connally

John Connally was connected to Ghaith Pharaon through a partnership which in 1977 purchased a 90% interest in Main Bank of Houston.

In 1984, Hurwitz took his Home Centers of America public with Connally buying 30+%. Other purchases included other Hurwitz close associates.

In 1988, Connally joined both Coastal Corporation (Oscar Wyatt’s) and Maxxam board of directors. It is said BCCI received money for Saddam Hussein skimmed from the sale of Iraqi oil. Coastal was the major purchaser of said oil.

Centrust

Centrust Trust was a REIT during 1971-1976 as was FDC. Hurwitz bought FDC in 1973. Paul bought Centrust Trust in the late 1970’s. Milken controlled REIT stock during this period.

Paul purchased Dade Savings & Loan in October 1982, while Hurwitz bought into UFG-USAT in May 1982.

In December 1984, MGI owned $1 million in Centrust preferred stock.

In November 1985, June 1986, July 1986, Paragon Holding, believed to be related to Centrust (same address, its president Angel Cortini, Jr., on the Board of Centrust [and DBL documents listing Paul and Cortini together as junk bond purchasers) purchased junk bonds related to the Pacific Lumber takeover.

Pharaon is said to own 28% of Centrust in 1986. Two Centrust directors (Lario Marini and David Fontello) sit on subsidiaries of UFG-USAT which issued preferred stock through Milken (Fontello on USAT Finance issued $75 million DARTs in June 1985 and Marini on USAT Finance II and USAT Finance III issued $138 million in November 1986).

Milken

Milken or DBL owns 7+% of UFG during the period 1982-1988. UFG subsidiaries issue junk bonds and purchase junk bonds. UFG subsidiaries’ investments are in companies which eventually issue junk bonds.

The connections of Hurwitz-Milken, Paul-Milken are similar and multiple. With the Milken-BCCI connections becoming known new revelations about Milken-UFG-BCCI may come about.

Comparison

Public documents reveal the UFG-USAT inter-lock with Centrust. No other such interlock exists with any other S&L entities.

During the years Hurwitz controlled UFG-USAT, UFG-USAT did business with six other S&L entities, revealed in public documents, all for the purpose of buying or selling branches: Olney SA (November 1982), AFC’s First American Finance (December 1984), Independent American (September 1987), Sunbelt S&L (October 1984), North Park S&L (October 1986?), and Guarantee Federal S&L (September 1987).

During these same years, UFG-USAT subsidiaries invested in three corporations, revealed in UFG’s 10-K’s, namely Weingarten Realty, Inc. Houstonian/Livingwell (where Hurwitz has his residence), and Equus Transportation. Livingwell issued DBL junk bonds as Equus may have done.